Flemish Virginal     @@@

Compass: AA - d'''

Size: 1520mmW x 482mmD x 202mmH

Reference: Drawings by Edward R. Turner, 1977

Model: Joannes Ruckers, 1629: The Brussels Museum of Musical Instruments # 2511
The compass of the original instrument is between C/E and d'''.  The original instrument is said to be strung to sound a major third above the modern pitch, a'=554Hz,  (Grant O'Brien, 1977).  Sounding length of this instrument has been modified to best fit with the normal baroque pitch (a'=415Hz) and the low end of the compass was stretched to AA.  The size of the body has been adjusted to cope with these modifications, as well.







































Italian Virginal    

Compass: HH - c'''

Size: 1644mmW x 485mmD x 181mmH

Reference: 
1. Drawings and instructions by Denzil Wraight
2. Italian Harpsichord Building in the 16th and 17th Centuries by John D.Shortridge 

Model: Marco Jadra, 1552 
The original instrument is kept in the Pitt-Rivers Museum in Oxford. Like an above mentioned Italian harpsichord, an Italian virginal is also often kept in an outer case. The basic structure and material are common with those of Italian harpsichord.  


The side boards do not seem to be as thin as the actual thickness, due to the molding, glued on the top edge of the surrounding side boards as reinforcement. Virginal was loved in UK, in particular, and a number of pieces were composed for this instrument. Below, an excerpt from an article by John D. Shortridge, which characterizes the Italian instrument very well: 

"Their instruments of the mid-16th century hardly can be distinguished from those made around 1700. During this 150 years the pioneering Flemish makers added the four-foot register, a second keyboard, and lute and buff stops to their instruments. However, the very fact that the Italian builders were unwilling to change their models suggests that their instruments were good enough to demand no further improvements. "